What is on grid solar?

On-grid solar, also known as grid-tied solar or grid-connected solar, refers to a solar power system that is connected to the electrical grid. Here are the key aspects and features of on-grid solar systems:

Components of an On-Grid Solar System:

1. Solar Panels: These capture sunlight and convert it into DC electricity.
2. Inverter: Converts the DC electricity generated by the solar panels into AC electricity, which is compatible with the electrical grid and can be used by appliances in the home or business.
3. Grid Connection: The AC electricity produced by the solar system is fed into the electrical grid through a bi-directional meter. This meter measures both the electricity imported from the grid and the electricity exported to the grid.

How On-Grid Solar Works:

1. Electricity Generation: Solar panels generate DC electricity when exposed to sunlight.
2. Inverter Conversion: The inverter converts the DC electricity into AC electricity, which matches the voltage and frequency of the electrical grid.
3. Grid Interaction: The AC electricity produced by the solar system can be used directly by appliances in the building. Any excess electricity not immediately used is fed back into the grid.
4. Net Metering: A bi-directional meter records the electricity flow in both directions—imports from the grid when solar production is insufficient (e.g., at night or on cloudy days) and exports to the grid when the solar system produces more electricity than is needed locally.
5. Utility Interaction: The electricity utility credits the customer for the excess electricity exported to the grid through mechanisms like net metering or feed-in tariffs. This helps offset the cost of electricity consumed from the grid during times when solar production is insufficient.

Advantages of On-Grid Solar:

1. Cost Savings: By offsetting electricity usage with solar power, users can reduce their electricity bills, especially during daylight hours when solar production is high.
2. Low Maintenance: On-grid systems typically require minimal maintenance since they rely on the grid for backup and do not require batteries.
3. Grid Stability: On-grid solar systems can contribute to grid stability and reliability by reducing peak demand and strain on the grid infrastructure.
4. Environmental Benefits: Reduce reliance on fossil fuels and lower carbon emissions associated with electricity generation.

Considerations:

1. Grid Dependence: On-grid systems rely on the grid for electricity when solar production is insufficient, so they do not provide backup power during grid outages unless equipped with battery backup.
2. Regulatory and Policy Framework: Availability and terms of net metering or feed-in tariffs vary by location and can impact the financial benefits of on-grid solar systems.
3. System Sizing: Proper sizing of the solar array relative to energy usage and local solar conditions is essential to maximize the financial benefits of on-grid solar.

On-grid solar systems are popular for homes, businesses, and utilities seeking to reduce electricity costs, lower carbon footprints, and contribute to a more sustainable energy future while remaining connected to a reliable electrical grid.